what is an electric pump and what are its applications

 What is a pump

A pump is used to transfer liquid from source to destination or circulate liquid around a system, pumps can be classified in three types according to the method that they use to move the fluids they are direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. The operation process of the pump is depended upon many energy sources they are electricity, engines, manual operation, or wind power. The size of the pumps is depended upon its applications, the size of the pump varies from microscopic to large industrial pumps. Mechanical pumps are used widely for pumping water from well and in-car industry for water cooling and fuel injection, and in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas.


What is an Electrical pump

The electrical submersible pump is a subsurface centrifugal pump with multistage driven by an electric motor. Electric power is supplied from the transformer through the switch board and then it will be forwarded from the switchboard to the electrical submersible pump motor through a power cable that is attached along with the tubing. The electrical submersible pump is also known as “submergible” because it is mostly used in oil production to lift the oil by artificial methods.

Also see:  Delivery of pumping equipment

How does an electric pump work

An electric pump needs electrical power for its operation and the required power is supplied from a transformer through a switchboard. The electric submersible pump motor will convert the electric power to mechanical power. In an electric submersible pump, the whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be the pump, some pumps are submerged fully while others may be submerged or placed in dry areas. The submersible pumps which is used in ESP installations are multistage centrifugal pumps operating in a vertical position. The shaft of the ESP will rotate and the impeller spins and push the fluid towards the surface through a pump intake or a gas separator. Artificial lift data is needed for the inflow production relationship and productivity index which will indicate the magnitude of the potential production from the reservoir. Artificial lift is a mechanism to lift hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the surface because the reservoir pressure is not enough to push the oil up to the surface. Artificial lift is of two types of surface facilities and downhole facilities.


The operational mechanism of radial and mixed flow pump is when produced liquids, after being subjected to great centrifugal forces caused by the high rotational speed of the impeller, lose their kinetic energy in the diffuser where a conversion of kinetic to pressure energy takes place.


Characteristics of electrical submersible pumps

An electric motor rotates at a relatively constant rate, rotates the pump passes the shaft which is connected with the part protector. Power is channeled to the equipment below through the electrical conductor wires affixed to the tubing, fluid enters the pump in operation. The efficiency of the pump will be high when liquids are produced and the high volume of free gas can cause inefficient pump operation, ESP can only deal with the free gas between 10-20 % and more than that it will cause inefficiency in pump performance.

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